{"id":11434,"date":"2023-04-14T11:13:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T09:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/?p=11434"},"modified":"2024-01-25T11:20:23","modified_gmt":"2024-01-25T10:20:23","slug":"the-international-criminal-court-is-finally-at-the-center-of-the-global-game","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/the-international-criminal-court-is-finally-at-the-center-of-the-global-game\/","title":{"rendered":"The International Criminal Court is finally at the center of the global game"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>The International Criminal Court is finally at the center of the global game<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">After the failed prosecutions a few years back against former Ivorian President Laurent Gbagbo, then former Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, and former Deputy Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo Jean-Pierre Bemba, the International Criminal Court (ICC), based in The Hague, was close to becoming irrelevant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Over an 18-year period, the ICC&#8217;s first two prosecutors count five convictions, all involving African rebel commanders. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2019\/01\/16\/cpi-l-affaire-gbagbo-est-une-immense-defaite-de-l-accusation_1703320\/?redirected=1\">An observer wisely remarked that<\/a>, in its trials, the ICC &#8220;was strong with the weak and weak with the strong&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Will the beginning of Russia\u2019s war on Ukraine in 2022 change the stakes for the Office of the new ICC Prosecutor, Karim Khan, elected in 2021 for a nine-year term? Many doubted it would, especially as the ICC currently has no jurisdiction over the crime of aggression committed in Ukraine, which seemed the most obvious crime to engage Vladimir Putin&#8217;s direct responsibility. This situation prompted Ukraine, renowned jurists and the European Commission, to advocate for the creation of a new Court to try Vladimir Putin for this crime of aggression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Prosecutor Khan has been occupying his position since the beginning of the conflict, which resulted with: a rapid deployment of his investigators on the ground, a symbolic visit to Ukraine, in Bucha, as early as April 2022 &#8211; before foreign political leaders &#8211; &nbsp;the appointment of the formidable prosecutor Brenda Hollis to lead his teams in Ukraine, and the opening of an office in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">However, the same question kept coming up: how could the ICC, which sees itself as the leader of international criminal justice, have any influence on Ukraine when the debate among legal scholars seemed to revolve solely around the creation of a new Court to try Mr. Putin for the crime of aggression?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A monumental decision<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The decision made public on 17 March 2023 to issue an arrest warrant against Vladimir Putin and the Commissioner for Children&#8217;s Rights, Maria lvova-Belova, for the crime of deporting Ukrainian children to Russia, is a monumental decision that reshuffles the cards and now places the ICC at the center of the game again. This institution, recently accused of being &#8220;weak with the strong&#8221; and only prosecuting African rebels, is now seeking war crimes charges against the current president of one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, the world&#8217;s second-largest military power and possessor of over 6,200 nuclear bombs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">This decision also suddenly puts the 123 signatory countries of the Rome Statute &#8211; the treaty governing the ICC &#8211; under the spotlight, and in front of their responsibility to arrest Vladimir Putin if he ever visits their territory. The South African presidential spokesman <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymaverick.co.za\/article\/2023-04-03-vladimir-putin-in-south-africa-a-diplomatic-and-legal-dilemma-for-the-government\/\">explained last Wednesday<\/a> that the ICC&#8217;s arrest warrant &#8220;threw a spanner in the works&#8221;, referring to the country\u2019s organization of the summit of the five main emerging powers (BRICS), to be held in Pretoria in August, to which Vladimir Putin has been invited &#8211;&nbsp; South Africa is a signatory to the Rome Statute. &nbsp;Moreover, Vladimir Putin will no longer be seen in Geneva for a diplomatic summit any time soon, as was the case as recently as June 2021.Thus, the ICC is now playing its full role in the war between Russia and Ukraine, which is undoubtedly having an impact on international diplomacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Strengthening the ICC so that it can judge the crime of aggression<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The ICC\u2019s new legitimacy also strengthens Prosecutor Khan&#8217;s position on who should prosecute the crime of aggression. In his view, rather than creating a new International Court from scratch, the same 123 States Parties should strengthen the ICC and make the necessary changes to the Rome Statute to make it possible to prosecute the crime of aggression &#8211; which is already included in the Statute \u2013 including for the ongoing war on Ukrainian territory. As it stands, the Rome Statute lays down a specific condition for the crime of aggression to be prosecuted by the ICC Prosecutor, which is the subject of <a href=\"https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&amp;mtdsg_no=XVIII-10-b&amp;chapter=18&amp;clang=_fr\">an amendment adopted in 2010 in Kampala<\/a>, but which does not appear <a href=\"https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/doc\/Treaties\/2010\/06\/20100611%2005-56%20PM\/CN.651.2010.pdf\">in the text of the treaty itself<\/a>, which dates back to 1998: both the State which is the victim of aggression and the State which committed the aggression must have ratified this amendment. If this is not the case, only the Security Council can refer the situation of aggression to the Prosecutor. As things stand, however, neither Ukraine nor Russia have ratified the amendment, and the Security Council channel is blocked by Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Reinforcing what already exists would also avoid \u2013 for once &#8211; the accusation of a &#8220;double standard&#8221;: why create a court from scratch to try Vladimir Putin for the crime of aggression, while George W. Bush will never be tried for the invasion of Iraq in the spring of 2003, which was never authorized by the United Nations?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The question of double standards will also come up rapidly when decisions will have to be taken on the prosecution of crimes possibly committed by Ukrainian forces against Russians, which will also have a diplomatic impact. In this respect, it makes sense not to disperse the ICC and to strengthen it as much as possible, since it is finally at the center of the game.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The article first appeared in French on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/opinions\/cour-penale-internationale-enfin-centre-jeu-mondial\">Le Temps<\/a>\u00a0on the 14th of April, 2023.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Picture: Karim Khan. Wikimedia Commons. <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The International Criminal Court is finally at the center of the global game After the failed prosecutions a few years back against former Ivorian President Laurent Gbagbo, then former Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, and former Deputy Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo Jean-Pierre Bemba, the International Criminal Court (ICC), based in The Hague, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/the-international-criminal-court-is-finally-at-the-center-of-the-global-game\/\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":179586343,"featured_media":11436,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[1420],"tags":[1519,1662,1628,1627],"class_list":["post-11434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-icc","tag-karim-khan","tag-russia","tag-ukraine"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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