{"id":3367,"date":"2021-04-06T16:19:32","date_gmt":"2021-04-06T14:19:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/?p=3367"},"modified":"2021-04-27T15:20:36","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T13:20:36","slug":"gibril-massaquoi-trial-monitoring-15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/gibril-massaquoi-trial-monitoring-15\/","title":{"rendered":"Week in Review \u2013 Week 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Week in Review \u2013 Week 4<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Introduction to Week 4\u2019s hearings and witnesses<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The fourth week of the Gibril Massaquoi trial ended on 5 March 2021, after three days of hearings in Monrovia, Liberia. Hearings focused on the testimony of eight witnesses, who recounted their experiences during an attack at the Waterside market in Monrovia, Liberia. As with prior witnesses, the identities of all witnesses were concealed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The witnesses were heard in the following order and are described as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trial Monitoring Day 10 (2 March 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Witness 7: Female; age unknown; went with friend to buy food at the biscuit shop; was captured and observed people being killed.<\/li><li>Witness 8: Male; 18 at time of incident; went to Waterside to purchase items to sell; was captured and observed people being killed.<\/li><li>Witness 9: Witness 9 was heard in closed session, so no notes are available for the testimony.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trial Monitoring Day 11 (4 March 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Witness 10: Male; ~14\/15 at time of incident; went down to Waterside to search for food; was captured and observed victims being killed.<\/li><li>Witness 11: Female; age unknown; went to Waterside to buy products; was captured and witnessed people being killed at the bridge.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trial Monitoring Day 12 (5 March 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Witness 12: Male; age unknown, soap maker who went to Waterside to purchase materials for soapmaking; saw his wife and stepfather carried away by soldiers.<\/li><li>Witness 13: Female; ~19-21 at time of incident; sold goods at Waterside; niece of victim, who was killed during the Waterside incident.<\/li><li>Witness 14: Male; age unknown; used clothes reseller who went to Waterside in search of goods; friend of [FNM-014], who was killed during the Waterside incident.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Commonalities in<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>witness testimony<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following commonalities emerged about the Waterside incident and these particular witnesses\u2019 interactions with the Finnish police:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The Waterside incident<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>While it was difficult to find food in Monrovia at the time, Waterside was a good place to try. People would also travel to Waterside to buy goods to sell. Some witnesses noted that on the day of the incident,&nbsp;<em>\u201cthe place was quiet and lonesome.\u201d<\/em><\/li><li>The stores were closed in Waterside, but soldiers and civilians looted a biscuit store after the soldiers broke into it. Initially, the soldiers and civilians were looting the store together. However, when the&nbsp;<em>\u201cboss\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>arrived\u2014sometimes referred to as&nbsp;<em>\u201cour chief\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>or&nbsp;<em>\u201cAngel Gabriel\u201d\u2014<\/em>the soldiers turned on the civilians, allegedly stating,&nbsp;<em>\u201cIf we don\u2019t shoot at [the civilians], they would know that we opened the store, so let\u2019s shoot at them.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>One witness described the soldiers as saying they would kill all the civilians for looting the store and shooting into the air.<\/li><li>The armed fighters at Waterside were \u201cmixed\u201d with some speaking Liberian English and some with Sierra Leonean accents. Some fighters of both accents wore Liberian Army uniforms. There were also many fighters who were still \u201csmall boys.\u201d&nbsp;<\/li><li>The soldiers shot some people and beat others. They also carried some to a checkpoint near the Old Bridge. Civilians were called spies, enemies, looters, and rebels by the soldiers and \u201cAngel Gabriel.\u201d<\/li><li>There were dead bodies on the ground as more civilians were brought to the checkpoint. The soldiers told Angel Gabriel the civilians had broken into the store and would be gotten rid of. Witness 10 saw one civilian forced to lay his head on a stone, at which point Angel Gabriel stated:&nbsp;<em>\u201cY\u2019all see? I am about to do the same thing I did to those other bodies.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>He then put his knife to the man\u2019s neck. Witness 10 closed his eyes, but when he opened them again, the man\u2019s neck had been cut and Angel Gabriel was wiping the knife on his clothes.<\/li><li>Angel Gabriel was described as killing people under the bridge, including by one witness who claimed that he killed two men and a woman. Another witness testified that he saw Angel Gabriel take two men away from the group to show what he would do to the rest of them; he shot the two men. Some witnesses described being too frightened to look at Angel Gabriel\u2019s face because he could order his men to rape or kill civilians.<\/li><li>Witness 12 was attempting to escape from the Old Bridge when \u201cAngel Gabriel Massoquoi\u2019s\u201d men accused him of being a spy and stabbed him in the left eye, causing permanent blindness.<\/li><li>The soldiers also tied some civilians tabey and forced them to look directly at the sun.<\/li><li>Witness 13, who stated \u201cAngel Gabriel\u201d shot and killed her aunt during the incident, also described \u201cAngel Gabriel\u201d shooting a young girl, although the Defense noted that the witness had previously described Angel Gabriel as cutting the young girl\u2019s neck.<\/li><li>Some women were taken away to the bush and left at a nearby stall. Others were described as being taken to a low-rise building, where soldiers would rape them.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Some women were bound and referred to as&nbsp;<em>\u201cAngel women.\u201d \u201cAngel Man,\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>also referring to himself as&nbsp;<em>\u201cAngel Gabriel,\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>began picking some girls from the group, saying:&nbsp;<em>\u201cThese are my women for today. Kill the others, and let them go tell God I sent them in front. I, Angel Gabriel, sent you.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>The women not chosen to be&nbsp;<em>\u201c[Angel Gabriel\u2019s] women\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;were then killed by the soldiers.<\/li><li>A few hours later, Liberian soldiers loyal to Charles Taylor arrived to deescalate the situation. One witness described a Liberian general arriving and asking Angel Gabriel who the prisoners were and why they were being beaten and killed. Another witness described a man, who appeared to be superior to Angel Gabriel, witnessing an old man bleeding; the man became angry, resulting in Angel Gabriel apologizing.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Throughout the incident, witnesses described some Liberian soldiers explaining to the other soldiers that the civilians were not spies, helping some of them escape or bringing them to safety.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Identifying remarks that continued from last week\u2019s testimony<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Witnesses continued to describe similar pronouncements from \u201cAngel Gabriel\u201d about who he was. For example:<ul><li><em>\u201cKill the others, and let them go tell God that I sent them in front. I, Angel Gabriel, sent you.\u201d<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u201cGo tell God I, Angel Gabriel, sent them.\u201d<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u201cI, Angel Gabriel, can send people to God.\u201d<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u201cI am Angel Gabriel, you pass through me before going to Heaven.\u201d<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u201cI, Angel Gabriel, I am going to kill you and you should tell God I sent you.\u201d<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Similarly, a witness had asked a soldier what&nbsp;<em>\u201cgo to God\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>meant, to which the soldier responded:&nbsp;<em>\u201cOur chief says he is the angel that can send people to heaven. Because of that, when he says \u2018go and carry this message to God,\u2019 it means he is going to kill you.\u201d<\/em><\/li><li>Witnesses continued to describe the way \u201cAngel Gabriel\u201d sounded, some describing him as sounding&nbsp;<em>\u201cnot the Liberian way,\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>but instead in&nbsp;<em>\u201cthe Sierra Leonean way of speaking.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>Another witness described \u201cAngel Gabriel\u201d as speaking to another man in Krio (commonly spoken in Sierra Leone) rather than Liberian English, while another stated that Angel Gabriel spoke Temne (a Sierra Leonean language).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Armed groups present in the area during this period of the conflict<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Witness 10 stated that&nbsp;<em>\u201cthe President soldiers\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>were involved, but that he did not know what the RUF (Revolutionary United Front of Sierra Leone) was at the time.<\/li><li>Witness 12 stated that the RUF and the NPFL (National Patriotic Front of Liberia) were both present at the Old Bridge. He was able to confirm that the NPFL was present because he recognized two members of the NPFL special forces because they had purchased soap from him before.<\/li><li>Witness 13 stated that some soldiers were identified as \u201cATU\u201d (Charles Taylor\u2019s \u201cAnti-Terrorism Unit\u201d).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>References to child soldiers<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Witness 12 stated that at the Old Bridge, Angel Gabriel\u2019s soldiers included \u201csmall boys,\u201d understood to mean children.<\/li><li>Witness 13 described \u201csmall children\u201d among the mixed group of Liberian and Sierra Leonean soldiers.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Recruitment of witnesses and prior interactions with Finnish police<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Similar to last week\u2019s testimony, [Employee 1] was described as a point of contact for each witness. For example, an acquaintance of Witness 8 from Waterside, [FNM-054], had recommended he reach out to [Employee 1]. Witness 11 had been connected with [Employee 1] through [FNM-058], her\u00a0<em>\u201cplay ma,\u201d\u00a0<\/em>or guardian. Witness 12 described having frequently sold [Employee 1] soap and discussing the Waterside incident with him on one visit. Witness 10 described being approached by [Employee 1] when [Employee 1] heard the witness and others discussing the Waterside incident.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Emerging themes for Prosecution and Defense<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">As witness testimony continued this week, the Prosecution continued its attempts to corroborate both the timeline of events surrounding the Waterside incident as well as the presence of Gibril Massaquoi at the scene. To bolster the contention that the incident occurred in 2001, the Prosecution elicited testimony about when the incident occurred. While Witness 14 was unsure about whether the event occurred in 2001 or 2002, all other witnesses from this week\u2019s open sessions testified that the incident occurred sometime in 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">As to the Prosecution\u2019s assertion that Gibril Massaquoi was present at Waterside, the Prosecution elicited testimony from every witness that the man on the bridge was known as \u201cAngel Gabriel.\u201d Witness 12 identified the man as \u201cAngel Gabriel Massaquoi.\u201d Witnesses 7, 8, 10, 11, and 13 all testified that the man known as \u201cAngel Gabriel\u201d spoke with a Sierra Leonean accent. In addition, each witness explained that \u201cAngel Gabriel\u201d introduced himself as such and stated some version of the phrase that he would \u201csend people to God.\u201d While there was some variation in the testimony about exactly what phrase \u201cAngel Gabriel\u201d said to this effect, the statement was understood as killing those people or ordering them to be killed. This line of testimony largely matched witness accounts from prior weeks about this commander\u2019s self-identification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The Defense also continued to expand on its earlier trial themes, questioning the reliability of the witnesses\u2019 testimony. As with earlier witnesses, the Defense raised questions about when the incident occurred and inconsistencies between when the witnesses stated the event occurred in Court and what they had previously told the Finnish police. The Defense also pointed out certain inconsistencies between what the witnesses told the Finnish police and their testimony in court about the circumstances of the event. Among the inconsistencies addressed, the Defense asked Witness 8 about forgetting the name of [FNM-009], Witness 10 about his differing accounts of whether he went into the store or not, Witness 11 about whether she was with [FNM-058] or [FNM-059] under the bridge, and Witness 13 about whether Angel Gabriel had shot a young girl or cut her throat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to questioning the accuracy of the witnesses\u2019 testimony, the Defense sought to question the witnesses on their connections with [Employee 1] and the Finnish police. Each witness was asked about how they connected with either [Employee 1] or the Finnish police. The Defense also pointed out several inconsistencies in the Finnish police\u2019s report. In their questioning of Witness 11, the witness confirmed she was interviewed in 2020, even though the police report indicated that she was interviewed in 2019. Further, the Defense asked Witness 13 about inconsistencies about who had shared her number with the Finnish police. In her police interview, Witness 13 had said it was [FNM-062], even though the witness testified this week that it was [FNM-061]. The witness explained that despite her earlier statement, [FNM-061] was her main initial contact and that the Finnish police may have misunderstood. The Defense seized upon Witness 13\u2019s mention that she did not know others in [Employee 1]\u2019s \u201cprogram\u201d, asking what kind of \u201cprogram\u201d she thought that might be. She did not know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, both Prosecution and Defense attempted to clarify the timing of the Waterside incident. They pushed witnesses to clarify their frequent references to the different periods of armed conflict as \u201cWW1,\u201d \u201cWW2,\u201d and \u201cWW3.\u201d However, there was variation among different witnesses\u2019 explanations of these different time periods. One witness, Witness 11, associated the Waterside incident with a specific and potentially verifiable date: the birth of her sister\u2019s baby in 2001.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La quatri\u00e8me semaine du proc\u00e8s de Gibril Massaquoi s'est termin\u00e9e le 5 mars 2021, apr\u00e8s trois jours d'audience \u00e0 Monrovia, au Lib\u00e9ria. Les audiences \u00e9taient d\u00e9di\u00e9es aux t\u00e9moignages de huit t\u00e9moins, qui ont racont\u00e9 leur exp\u00e9rience lors d'une attaque au march\u00e9 Waterside de Monrovia, au Lib\u00e9ria. Comme pour les t\u00e9moins pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, l'identit\u00e9 de tous les t\u00e9moins a \u00e9t\u00e9 dissimul\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/gibril-massaquoi-trial-monitoring-15\/\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":179586343,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1512],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gibril-massaquoi-trial-monitoring"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Week in Review \u2013 Week 4 | Civitas Maxima<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/gibril-massaquoi-trial-monitoring-15\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Week in Review \u2013 Week 4 | Civitas Maxima\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The fourth week of the Gibril Massaquoi trial ended on 5 March 2021, after three days of hearings in Monrovia, Liberia. Hearings focused on the testimony of eight witnesses, who recounted their experiences during an attack at the Waterside market in Monrovia, Liberia. As with prior witnesses, the identities of all witnesses were concealed.Lire la suite\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/gibril-massaquoi-trial-monitoring-15\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Civitas Maxima\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/civitasmaxima\/?locale=fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-06T14:19:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-04-27T13:20:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/civitas-maxima.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cm-logo.png?fit=470%2C470&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"470\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"470\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Civitas Maxima\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" 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Hearings focused on the testimony of eight witnesses, who recounted their experiences during an attack at the Waterside market in Monrovia, Liberia. 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