{"id":7321,"date":"2022-10-06T17:52:51","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T15:52:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/?p=7321"},"modified":"2024-01-24T16:59:29","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T15:59:29","slug":"what-justice-for-irans-international-crimes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/what-justice-for-irans-international-crimes\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelle justice pour les crimes internationaux de l\u2019Iran?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quelle justice pour les crimes internationaux de l\u2019Iran?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

OPINION. En marge de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019ONU, l\u2019Iran vient de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter que son ressortissant Hamid Nouri, ex-procureur et agent p\u00e9nitentiaire, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 ill\u00e9galement condamn\u00e9 en Su\u00e8de cet \u00e9t\u00e9. La justice internationale progresse gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la comp\u00e9tence universelle, constate notre chroniqueur, mais parfois, la politique tord le cou au droit<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 14 juillet 2022, Hamid Nouri, un citoyen iranien de 61 ans, a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9 par un tribunal su\u00e9dois <\/a>pour son implication dans les ex\u00e9cutions de milliers d\u2019opposants politiques au r\u00e9gime en 1988. Apr\u00e8s 92 jours d\u2019audience durant lesquels 72 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entendues dont 34 plaignants, 26 t\u00e9moins et 12 experts<\/a>, les juges ont prononc\u00e9 un verdict unanime reconnaissant Hamid Nouri coupable de meurtres et de crimes de guerre impliquant la mort de 96 personnes au total.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile<\/a> a largement document\u00e9 les meurtres de masse dans les prisons iraniennes ordonn\u00e9es par l\u2019ayatollah Khomeyni de juillet \u00e0 septembre 1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Premi\u00e8re condamnation pour les meurtres en masse de 1988<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hamid Nouri est la toute premi\u00e8re personne condamn\u00e9e pour ces meurtres, ce qui fait de ce verdict un \u00e9v\u00e9nement tout \u00e0 fait consid\u00e9rable avec des enjeux majeurs. Le ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res iranien ne s\u2019y est pas tromp\u00e9, d\u00e9clarant imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s sa publication que ce jugement \u00e9tait motiv\u00e9 politiquement et qu\u2019il n\u2019avait aucune validit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale.<\/a> Le rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur les droits humains en Iran a quant \u00e0 lui salu\u00e9 ce verdict historique dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon la procureure su\u00e9doise Kristina Lindhoff Carleson, pas moins de 600 \u00e0 700 personnes furent tu\u00e9es en l\u2019espace de trois mois dans la seule prison de Gohardasht, au nord-ouest de T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, \u00e0 Karaj. Pendant le proc\u00e8s en Su\u00e8de, d\u2019anciens prisonniers ont t\u00e9moign\u00e9 que Hamid Nouri aidait \u00e0 s\u00e9lectionner ceux qui devaient passer devant les \u00abcomit\u00e9s de la mort\u00bb et \u00e9tait impliqu\u00e9 personnellement dans des actes de torture.<\/a> La d\u00e9fense de Hamid Nouri a quant \u00e0 elle soutenu pendant le proc\u00e8s qu\u2019il n\u2019avait jamais travaill\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison de Gohardasht mais au contraire \u00e0 la prison d\u2019Evin, \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, comme administrateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une premi\u00e8re juridique hors du commun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette affaire est spectaculaire \u00e0 de nombreux niveaux<\/a>, y compris par la mani\u00e8re dont elle a formellement d\u00e9marr\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour qu\u2019un tribunal puisse se saisir d\u2019une affaire de crime international, il faut qu\u2019il existe un lien avec la personne inculp\u00e9e, par exemple sa nationalit\u00e9, ou son domicile dans le pays o\u00f9 il est arr\u00eat\u00e9. Ce dernier sc\u00e9nario \u00e9tait celui de l\u2019affaire Alieu Kosiah, le Lib\u00e9rien r\u00e9sidant en Suisse condamn\u00e9 en juin 2021 par le Tribunal p\u00e9nal f\u00e9d\u00e9ral (TPF) pour crimes de guerre pourtant commis au Liberia.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Or, ici, le lien entre Hamid Nouri et la Su\u00e8de n\u2019\u00e9tait pas \u00e9tabli par une nationalit\u00e9 su\u00e9doise ou la r\u00e9sidence de ce dernier dans ce pays, mais r\u00e9sidait uniquement dans le fait qu\u2019il avait atterri en 2019 \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport de Stockholm. Hamid Nouri \u00e9tait bel et bien venu en Su\u00e8de de son plein gr\u00e9, mais il avait fait ce voyage \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un pi\u00e8ge tendu par son ex-beau-fils qui vivait dans ce pays. Ce dernier s\u2019\u00e9tait pr\u00e9alablement mis en contact avec Iraj Mesdaghi, opposant politique r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 en Su\u00e8de, qui avait pass\u00e9 une d\u00e9cennie dans les prisons en Iran et avait vu Hamid Nouri dans les couloirs de la prison de Gohardasht en 1988.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avant l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de Hamid Nouri sur sol su\u00e9dois, une plainte fut d\u00e9pos\u00e9e, qui a ensuite permis de le cueillir \u00e0 sa descente de l\u2019avion le 9 novembre 2019 \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport d\u2019Arlanda \u00e0 Stockholm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les juges suisses aussi ont contribu\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment \u00e0 faire avancer le droit dans le contexte de l\u2019\u00e9limination syst\u00e9matique de toute opposition par les autorit\u00e9s iraniennes. Comme l\u2019\u00e9crivait r\u00e9cemment Me Rapha\u00ebl Jakob dans les colonnes du Temps Le Temps<\/em><\/a>, le TPF a somm\u00e9 en septembre 2021 le Minist\u00e8re public de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration (MPC) de rouvrir l\u2019enqu\u00eate sur le meurtre de l\u2019opposant iranien Kazem Radjavi survenu \u00e0 Coppet en 1990, et ce en tant qu\u2019acte g\u00e9nocidaire ou de crime contre l\u2019humanit\u00e9, rejetant l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation conservatrice que d\u00e9fendait le MPC et qui voulait qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019un \u00absimple\u00bb assassinat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le primat des int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais quand les juges font avancer le droit, les consid\u00e9rations politiques peuvent le faire reculer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En effet, si les autorit\u00e9s su\u00e9doises n\u2019ont jusqu\u2019ici pas flanch\u00e9 face aux pressions iraniennes, notamment face \u00e0 la possible ex\u00e9cution d\u2019un double national su\u00e9dois et iranien, le professeur Ahmadreza Djalali, accus\u00e9 d\u2019espionnage<\/a>, who could have been “exchanged” for Hamid Nouri, it seems that Belgian parliamentarians  have not followed the same approach-<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelques jours apr\u00e8s la condamnation de Hamid Nouri, le parlement belge a ratifi\u00e9 un trait\u00e9 ouvrant la voie \u00e0 un \u00e9change de prisonniers avec l\u2019Iran. Ce trait\u00e9 aurait pour but de permettre l\u2019\u00e9change du belge Olivier Vandecasteele<\/a> \u2013 ancien directeur en Iran d\u2019une organisation humanitaire norv\u00e9gienne qui languit dans les prisons iraniennes \u00e0 la suite de charges d\u2019espionnage \u2013 contre l\u2019Iranien Assadollah Asadi. Or Assadollah Asadi est un diplomate iranien condamn\u00e9 en Belgique en f\u00e9vrier 2021 \u00e0 20 ans de prison<\/a> pour avoir tent\u00e9 de faire d\u00e9toner une bombe pendant un rassemblement politique de l\u2019opposition iranienne \u00e0 Villepinte, au nord de Paris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il semble pourtant \u00e9vident, comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crit \u00e0 la suite de la ratification de ce trait\u00e9<\/a>, qu\u2019\u00e9changer une personne condamn\u00e9e pour terrorisme dans le cadre d\u2019un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable en Europe, contre une personne visiblement retenue en otage par un \u00c9tat qui se moque du respect des droits humains, n\u2019ouvre la voie qu\u2019\u00e0 davantage d\u2019arrestations arbitraires et iniques d\u2019\u00e9trangers en Iran, et dans d\u2019autres pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une fois encore, l\u2019espoir pourrait venir de juges, la Cour d\u2019appel de Bruxelles emp\u00eachant temporairement en juillet 2022 l\u2019Etat belge d\u2019extrader Assadollah Asadi en Iran.<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Affaire \u00e0 suivre donc\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet article est apparu premi\u00e8rement dans Le Temps<\/a> as part of a Civitas Maxima\/Geneva Solutions collaboration, on the 27th of September, 2022.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Picture: Landscape Teheran. COMMONS WIKIMEDIA<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What justice for Iran’s international crimes? OPINION. Outside the UN General Assembly, Iran has just reiterated that its national Hamid Nouri, former prosecutor and prison officer, was illegally convicted in Sweden this summer. Thanks to universal jurisdiction, international justice is progressing, but, sometimes, politics twists the law, as our reporter stated. On July 14, 2022, […]<\/p>\n

Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":179586343,"featured_media":10424,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1420],"tags":[1703,1676,1697],"class_list":["post-7321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-international-crimes","tag-iran","tag-justice"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat justice for Iran's international crimes? | Civitas Maxima<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/what-justice-for-irans-international-crimes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What justice for Iran's international crimes? | Civitas Maxima\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What justice for Iran’s international crimes? 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