{"id":8658,"date":"2023-02-07T10:35:12","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T09:35:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/?p=8658"},"modified":"2024-10-23T13:41:20","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T11:41:20","slug":"war-crimes-round-up-liberian-civil-war-rebels-on-trial-again-survivor-testifies-against-gambian-death-squad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/war-crimes-round-up-liberian-civil-war-rebels-on-trial-again-survivor-testifies-against-gambian-death-squad\/","title":{"rendered":"War crimes round-up: Liberian civil war rebels on trial again, survivor testifies against Gambian \u2018death squad\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\">Geneva Solutions\u2019s monthly \u201cwar criminal hunt\u201d, in collaboration with the Geneva-based NGO Civitas Maxima.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The first month of 2023 has been an indicator of how universal jurisdiction is gaining ground globally with every passing year. In Switzerland, the appeal proceedings against Liberian former rebel commander Alieu Kosiah began in a case that has represented many firsts. It was the first time ever that a Liberian national was tried for war crimes connected to the country\u2019s civil wars and that the Swiss Federal Criminal Court held a war crimes trial. The appeal trial also brings new milestones as it considers crimes against humanity for the first time in a Swiss court. Lawyer Romain Wavre and I are representing four of the seven plaintiffs in the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alain Werner, director of Civitas Maxima<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cases against Liberian civil war crimes continue<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The atrocities of the Liberian civil wars that cost roughly 250,000 lives between 1989 and 2003 were back in the spotlight this month. Two former rebels appeared in court in Finland and Switzerland under the principle of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/trialinternational.org\/topics-post\/universal-jurisdiction\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">universal jurisdiction, which&nbsp;<\/a>allows for the prosecution of war crimes and crimes against humanity regardless of when, where and by whom they were committed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The appeal trial against former lieutenant-colonel and spokesperson&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/legal-work\/our-cases\/gibril-massaquoi\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gibril Massaquoi<\/a>&nbsp;of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) &#8211; a Sierra Leonean group that had close ties with Charles Taylor &#8211;&nbsp; began on 10 January in Turku, Finland. In April 2022, a lower court had dismissed charges against Massaquoi for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including homicide, sexual violence, and the recruitment of child soldiers, arguing \u201creasonable doubt\u201d that he took part in those acts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The appeal trial is set to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/fr\/111643-affaire-massaquoi-cour-appel-finlandaise-debarque-liberia.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">continue in Liberia<\/a>&nbsp;on 6 February and will probably go until June. Civitas Maxima and its Liberian sister NGO, the Global Justice and Research Project, had submitted the initial information about Massaquoi\u2019s alleged involvement to the Finnish authorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, a Liberian former rebel commander is seeking to overturn Switzerland\u2019s first-ever war crimes ruling.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/legal-work\/our-cases\/alieu-kosiah\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Alieu Kosiah<\/a>, former United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO) commander was convicted to twenty years in prison in June 2021 by the Swiss Federal Criminal Court for war crimes, which included, ordering and committing the murder of civilians, rape and cannibalism, during the first Liberian civil war that ran between 1989 and 1997. Kosiah is the first Liberian to be tried for war crimes perpetrated during the conflict. Another&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/2022\/11\/02\/kunti-kamara-former-ulimo-commander-sentenced-to-life-imprisonment-for-crimes-against-humanity-and-torture\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Liberian rebel leader<\/a>&nbsp;was found guilty of crimes against humanity and torture by a court in Paris in November 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Kosiah\u2019s appeal trial opened in Bellinzona on 11 January and is expected to end on 3 February. Alain Werner, director of Civitas Maxima, is representing four of the plaintiffs who came to Switzerland to testify.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Massacre survivor testifies against Gambian death squad member<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Martin Kyere, a Ghanaian who escaped from the killing of an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20180516-ghana-gambie-migrants-massacre-yahya-jammeh\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">estimated 59 fellow African migrants<\/a>&nbsp;in Gambia in 2005,<a href=\"https:\/\/trialinternational.org\/latest-post\/germany-gambia-migrant-massacre-survivor-to-testify\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">&nbsp;a t\u00e9moign\u00e9&nbsp;<\/a>before a German criminal court on 19 January. The court in the city of Celle is currently&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/genevasolutions.news\/global-news\/liberian-ex-rebel-tried-in-paris-moscow-denies-world-court-jurisdiction-october-war-crimes-round-up\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">trying<\/a>&nbsp;the suspected driver of the \u201cJunglers\u201d death squad, Bai L., for complicity in crimes against humanity relating to murder, under the principle of universal jurisdiction. Kyere has been rallying victims&#8217; families across Ghana to seek justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The trial, in which Geneva-based&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/trialinternational.org\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trial International<\/a>&nbsp;is one of the human rights groups involved in the case, is the first ever to prosecute crimes committed in the Gambia during the 20-year rule of former President Yahya Jammeh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The witness\u2019s lawyer, Peer Stolle, said Kyere\u2019s testimony would again \u201cillustrate the widespread nature of the attack against the civilian population as ordered by President Jammeh, and executed by the Junglers\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">The death squad, known as the \u201cJunglers\u201d allegedly worked under the orders of Jammeh, who has been living in exile in Equatorial Guinea since 2017. International rights groups, including Human Rights Watch, have launched the campaign \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Jammeh2Justice\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Jammeh2Justice<\/a>\u201d calling for the end of impunity for the former president\u2019s actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Progress in France in Rwandan genocide cases<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">A Rwandan doctor employed in a French hospital will be tried before a court in Paris between 13 November and 22 December 2023, the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.collectifpartiescivilesrwanda.fr\/en\/qui-sommes-nous\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Collectif des Parties Civiles pour le Rwanda<\/a>&nbsp;(CPCR) confirmed. The physician, Sosth\u00e8ne Munyemana, is charged with allegedly committing genocide during the Rwandan civil war in 1994, when roughly 800,000 people, mostly from the Tutsi minority, were killed. It has been 28 years since the initial complaint was filed against him, on 18 October 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">A second trial against a Rwandan doctor, who was also practicing in France,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.africaradio.com\/genocide-au-rwanda-le-renvoi-aux-assises-d-un-medecin-rwandais-confirme-par-la-justice\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">will go ahead&nbsp;<\/a>before a French court, after his appeal was rejected by the highest criminal court . Eug\u00e8ne Rwamucyo, who was sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia by a Rwandan court in 2007 but whose extradition was rejected by a French court in 2010, will be tried for crimes against humanity and genocide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Two further cases, against Rwandans Claude Muhayimana and Laurent Bucyibaruta, are also expected to be heard by a Paris court in 2023, but the trials have not been scheduled yet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What else happened in January?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Biden signs war crimes act.<\/strong>&nbsp;Greenlighted by Congress in December, the so-called&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th-congress\/senate-bill\/4240\/text?r=5&amp;s=1\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Justice for Victims of War Crimes Act<\/a>&nbsp;allows US courts to prosecute war crimes regardless of when and where the crimes were committed. The new act represents a major step against the impunity of international law criminals, for whom the United States might have served as a safe haven in the past.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ukraine convicts Russian soldiers.<\/strong>&nbsp;Four members of Russia\u2019s special forces<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justiceinfo.net\/en\/111468-ukraine-four-russian-soldiers-convicted-for-torture.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">&nbsp;pleaded guilty to committing torture<\/a>&nbsp;in the Ukrainian region of Kharkiv before a Ukrainian criminal court on 23 January. The soldiers, convicted to 11 years of prison in December 2022, may benefit from a prisoner exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Appeals trial against Iranian ex-official opens in Sweden.<\/strong>&nbsp;Hamid Nouri, who had received a life sentence for war crimes and murder by a Swedish criminal court in July 2022, appeared&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/iran-politics-stockholm-legal-proceedings-crime-935a0486cc8c5b324c6b661c9c03ca4c\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">in court again<\/a>&nbsp;on 11 January. Nouri allegedly took part in mass killings of political prisoners in 1988 that were allegedly overseen by secret tribunals that included Iran\u2019s current president Ebrahim Raisi, at the time one of four of their judges. Tehran has labeled the trial a \u201csham\u201d as it comes amid renewed international outcry for violently quashing dissent and executing protesters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>German foreign minister calls for \u2018aggression\u2019 tribunal.<\/strong>&nbsp;Speaking before the Hague Academy on 16 January, Annalena Baerbock called for a strengthening of international law and the International Criminal Court, amidRussia\u2019s ongoing&nbsp; invasion of Ukraine. Because Russia is not a state party to the ICC, the court currently does not have jurisdiction to try its leadership for the crime of aggression. Baerbock called for the creation of a special tribunal that would derive its jurisdiction from Ukrainian law but would receive international financial and personal aid at a location outside of Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Civitas Maxima is a Geneva-based NGO that facilitates the documentation of international crimes, and pursues the redress of such crimes on behalf of victims who do not have access to justice. Founded in 2012 by human rights lawyer Alain Werner, it most notably represented victims in landmark cases for atrocities committed during the Liberian civil wars.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Cet article est apparu premi\u00e8rement dans <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/genevasolutions.news\/human-rights\/war-crimes-round-up-liberian-civil-war-rebels-on-trial-again-survivor-testifies-against-gambian-death-squad\" target=\"_blank\">Geneva Solutions<\/a> as part of a Civitas Maxima\/Geneva Solutions collaboration, on the 2nd of February, 2023. <br>Image Credit: \u00a9<\/em> Civitas Maxima\/JP Kalonji<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>January 2023 highlighted the growing impact of universal jurisdiction, with Switzerland&#8217;s first war crimes trial involving Liberian Alieu Kosiah. Meanwhile, former rebels faced charges in Finland, and the trial of Gambian death squad member Bai L. marked a historic moment for accountability. Global efforts against impunity continue to expand.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/war-crimes-round-up-liberian-civil-war-rebels-on-trial-again-survivor-testifies-against-gambian-death-squad\/\">Lire la suite<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":179586343,"featured_media":8527,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[1794],"tags":[1366,1379,1714,1720,1513,1676,1423,1377,1677,1717,1627,1387,1408],"class_list":["post-8658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-focus-on-international-justice","tag-alieu-kosiah","tag-france","tag-gambia","tag-germany","tag-gibril-massaquoi","tag-iran","tag-liberia","tag-ruf","tag-rwanda","tag-sweden","tag-ukraine","tag-ulimo","tag-us"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>War crimes round-up: Liberian civil war rebels on trial again, survivor testifies against Gambian \u2018death squad\u2019 | Civitas Maxima<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/civitas-maxima.org\/fr\/war-crimes-round-up-liberian-civil-war-rebels-on-trial-again-survivor-testifies-against-gambian-death-squad\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"War crimes round-up: Liberian civil war rebels on trial again, survivor testifies against Gambian \u2018death squad\u2019 | Civitas Maxima\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"January 2023 highlighted the growing impact of universal jurisdiction, with Switzerland&#039;s first war crimes trial involving Liberian Alieu Kosiah. 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